Beentorced floor coerstructiow



P. H. BEVIER. REINFORCED FLOOR CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 26 I916.

Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

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P. H. BEVIER. REINFORCED 1100a cousmucnow.

APPLICATION FILED FEB-26.1916.

Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

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I ITO/HIE 1'8 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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REINFORCED rnoon cons'rnuorron.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PHILIP H, BEVIER, a citizen of the United States residing at the city of New York, borough of H Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Reinforced Floor Construction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention is a composite floor construction for fire proof buildings, wherein concrete, hollow tile :blocks and metal rods or bars are combined in such a way as to result in a structure possessing the strength required to carry or sustain the load, but at the same time the total amount of concrete material necessary to bind into a homo geneous structure the tile blocks and l the metal rods is minimized, and the floor structure as an entirety is reduced in weight.

Among the objects of my invention are, first, to provide for the easy and rapid assemblage and positioning of the metal bars and the tile blocks by the services of unskilled laborers; second, to enable the concrete material to be dumped in masses upon the blocks and the metal and to be expeditiously spread and tamped into the spaces between the blocks and around the metal rods, thereby obviating skilled labor in applying mortar to the tile blocks and facilitating the construction of the floor slab; and third, to mechanically key the tile blocks to the beams and the top slab formed by the concrete material whereby the tile blocks are precluded from falling or dropping by the weight thereof from the under side of the slab.

A salient feature of the invention, in both a one-way reinforced floor and in a two-way reinforced floor, consists in the employment of tile blocks provided with pronounced grooves or channels in addition to the ordinary scoring preferably provided on the surfaces of the blocks, said grooves or channels being positioned at the upper edges or corners of the blocks and adapted to be filled with concrete material, which concrete filling results in the formation of keys above the neutral axis of the slab for the purpose of mechanically locking the blocks to a top slab of concrete provided over the upper surface of the floor slab, whereby the blocks and the concrete slab are bonded into a homogeneous composite structure and the blocks are keyed to the top concrete slab in Specificationof Letters latent. Patented Sig-D1}. Application filed. February 26, 1916. eria1'No.80,-579L pressivestresses due to the load upon said slab, which stresses when the floor gives way tend to crush the top corners of tile blocks positioned in contact with each other and set in a dry condition. The employment of concrete keys integral with the top concrete slab and positioned in the channels or grooves of said tile blocks precludes to a substantial extent the tendency of the tile blocks to crush or breakdown under the compressive stresses, and thus the concrete keys perform, atleast, two important functions in my new floor construction.

It is preferred to embody theinventlon 1n a two way reinforced slab comprising metal rods positioned in crossing relation to produee panels each bounded by four of said rods, a group of tile blocks positioned within each panel, and concrete spread upon the top of said group of blocks and tamped into the spaces at the margins of said panel said concrete resulting in beams at the several sides of the panels and in a top slab covering the tile blocks in the panels. y

In addition to a certain bonding effect and to a certain locking engagement between the concrete and the tiles of each group, my invention is characterized by the employment of grooves or channels in the top edges or cornersof the tile blocks so that the concrete material will flow into said channels or grooves to produce thekeys above the neutral axis of the floor slab, thus securing an additional locking engagement between the tiles and the concrete as hereinbefore described. 1

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear from the following detailed description "-taken in connection with the drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a plan showing the assemblage of rods or bars and groups of tile blocks prior to placing the concrete.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the composite slab, the plane of section being indicated by the dotted line 22 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a section at right angles to Flg. 2 and on the dotted line 33.

Fig. t is a cross section of one of the skew back tiles employed in Figs. 1, 2, and 8.

Fig. 5 is a cross section of another form a of skew-back tile which may be used.

' one panel are of the form shown more Fig. 6 is a cross section of one of the key blocks.

Fig. 7 is a vertical section of a floor slab illustrating a modified arrangement of a key block with respect to the skew-back tlles.

- Fig. 8 is a plan illustrating the relation of the metal rods and the tiles in a one way re inforced floor prior to installing the concrete.

Fig. 9 is a cross section through the one way reinforced floor on the line 99 of Fig. 8.

The two-way reinforced floor constructlon illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings embodie a series of metal rods or bars A extending in one direction and parallel to each other, a second series of rods or bars B extending parallel to each other and at right angles to the rods or bars A, thereby producing a succession of panels, approximately square in form and of desired dimensions, a group of hollow blocks, preferably tiles, 0. D, E, F, G, H, positioned within each panel so that'eaeh group is separated from adjacent groups by intervening spaces of appreciable Width, indicated at a, b, and

concrete material constituting a continuous top slab I, and a plurality of beams J,- K. The blocks E, F, G, H of each group within particularly in Figs. 4: or 5, each of said blocks being termed in the ordinary fiat arch con struction a skew -back. Said skew -back tile is characterized by a rounded or curved wall 0, a fiat base 0, a flange 0 and a beveled end Wall 0 the curvature of the wall 0 producing an undercut channel 0 above the laterally extending flange 0 The hollow skew-back tile may be reinforced internally by a single cross web (Z, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, but in case the thickness of the floor slab requires the use of a high skew-back tile, then said tile may be additionally stiffened by the internal webs d, as shown in Fig. 5, said web cl intersect-- ing with the web (Z and with the top and bottom walls of the tile. Furthermore, the skew-back tile is scored or roughened at its exterior surface, as at d in Fig. 5, in order that the tile and the concrete material may be bonded or keyed, as is usual in the art.

Each tile C or D of the group of six tiles within the panel is of hollow construction, reinforced internally thereof by webs e, as shown in Fig. 3. The hollow blocks C, D are each provided with beveled end faces 6 corresponding to the bevels 0 of the skewback blocks, the bevels e of the blocks C or D converging downwardly so that said blocks C or D are adapted to serve as key blocks when positioned in mechanical contact with the skew-back blocks.

Prior to installing the floor construction, a suitable centering or form is constructed or erected below the place to be occupied by the floor, after which the metal rods or bars A, B are placed in position for the rods of one series to cross the rods of the other series, thus producing the approximately square panels. \Vithin each panel is as sembeled the blocks C to H, inclusive, constituting one group. The skew-backs E, F are positioned alongside of each other with the cells of said blocks running in the same direction. The other skew-backs G, H are positioned alongside of each other parallel to, and at a suitable distance from, the blocks E, F, the inclined faces 0 of the blocks G H facing toward the corresponding inclined faces 0 of the blocks E, F. The kev blocks G. D are now positioned between blohks E. F and G, H, the beveled ends 6 of the key blocks being in contact with the beveled faces of the skewback blocks. All the blocks are set in a dry condition and by unskilled labor, no mortar being applied to the end faces or the side faces of said blocks. It is to be noted that the cells in the key blocks C, D extend in a direction at right angles to the cells within the skew-back blocks E to H, inclusive, and, further, that the blocks E, F, G, H are positioned against the open ends of the key blocks, so that the skew-baek blocks act as closures to the cells of the key blocks C, D, thus excluding the entry of a substantial quantity of concrete material from the key blocks, although said concrete material free to to enter the cells at the open exposed ends of the skew-back blocks.

Each key block C or D is provided in its upper edge or corner with a groove or channel j, the same being undercut, as shown in Fig. 3, and when the two blocks C, l) are positioned alongside of each other, there results a space which is adapted to be filled with concrete material of the top slab I, thus forming a key L integral with the top slab and in intimate contact with the grooved or channeled portions f of the key blocks.

In a similar manner, the skew-back tiles are provided in the upper corner thereof are integral with the top slab and occupy the spaces between the top corners of the tiles which are in contact with each other.

The keys L, M of the top slab cooperate with the dry set tiles and are positioned above the neutral axis of the floor slab so that these keys reduce the tendency of the tiles to crush down at their upper corners and thus contribute in takiilg care of the compressive stresses to which the slab is subj ected under the load imposed thereon.

The rods A, 13 and the several groups of tiles are placed easily and quickly in position and by utilizing the services of un skilled laborers, after which the concrete material in plastic or semi-plastic condition is deposited upon the tiles and rods so as to produce the continuous top slab I and the beams or ribs: J. The material fills the spaces a, b, bounding the panels occupied by the groups of tiles, said material of the beams or ribs incasing the metal rods or bars A, B. The semi-plastic material fdrming the ribs or beams J rest upon the flanges c of the skew-backs E, F, G, H in the adjacent groups of tiles so that the flanges limit the tendency of the concrete material to drop below the under surface of the floor construction. If desired, the bottom of the spaces a may be closed by flat tile slabs p0- sitioned within said spaces a and in the plane of the under surface of the tiles 0 to H, inclusive.

g It is apparent that the top slab I extends continuously and in all directions over the top surfaces of the groups of tiles withinthe panels, and further, that the ribs orbeamsJ extend in a direction at right angles to the beams or ribs K.

By reference to Fig. 8 it will be noted that the grooves or channels 7" in the corners of the tiles adapted to be filled in by the concrete material to produce the beams K increase the cross sectional area of the beams K at and adjacent to the line where said beams K join with the top slab I, thus providing an increased amount of concrete material in the beams K to assist in taking care of the compressive stresses of the slab.

It is to be observed that the keys L and M are in direct engagement with the tiles at the upper portion thereof, and that the concrete material in the undercut channels 0* of the skew-backs provide a direct locking engagement betweenthe concrete material and the tiles. Said tiles and the concrete are notonly bonded together but the keys L, M mechanically lock the tiles to the con crete material. Furthermore, the. skewbacks E, F, G, H are locked to the concrete ribs by the entry of the concrete material, when in a plastic condition, into the open ends of the cells of said skew-back tiles, as a result of which the tiles are locked with the concrete so as to preventthem from drop &

ping out of thefloor construction and, furthermore, the blocks C, D in each group are in mechanical contact with the skew-backs so as to preclude the key blocks from drop"- ping out of the floor construction by the weight of said blocks. 1 i

In theform of the invention illustrated in Fig. 7 0f the drawings, the key blocks oneof which is indicated at O are not provided at theirtop edges with grooves), as in Fig. 3, but said key blocks of the group are somewhat higher than the corresponding skewblocks F", G in contact therewith. Theincreased height of the key blocks causes the upper corners of said keyblocks to project above the top sufaces of the adj acent skewback blocks, thus leaving spaces It adapted to be filled with the concrete material of the top slab, and thereby produce, in effect, keys which cooperate with the tiles in takinc care of the compressive stresses. In otherrespects, the construction of Fig. 7 is similar-to that. disclosed in Figs. 1, 2 and3.

I will now describe the one-way reinforced floor slab illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9 of the drawings, wherein the metal rods or bars A, A -are positioned parallel to each other and extend in the same direction, the onevvay reinforce not embodying the crossing rods which crossthe two-wayreinforce. Between the parallel bars or rods A arerows of hollow blocks, preferably tiles, indicated at O, P, each block 0, P ejpg squared at the ends, instead ofbeing beveled, as heretofore described. The blocks composing the row 0 are set in a dry condition alongside of each other and at a suitable distance from the adjacent metal rod. The blocks composing theother row P are assembled in a dry condition alongside of each other and at a suitable distance :from the adjacent metal rod,it being preferred to stagger, or break joints with the blocks 0 in one row with respect to the blocks P in the other row. The blocks are provided in their upper corners withundercut grooves or channels 0, similar to the grooves or channels 7 in the key blocks C, D, as heretofore described, the grooves-o producing a space of appreciable width which space extends lengthwise of the rows of blocks.

The metal rods and the blocks having been assembled as described, the concrete is de posited upon the blocks so as to form the top slab I and the beams J, said top slab being continuous over all the blocks. The beams J fill the spaces between the blocks so as to incase the metal rods A. The materialfrom the topslab fillsthe channel 0 so as to produce the keys 0 above the neutral axis of the arch and in cooperativerelation to the tiles so as to assist in taking care of the compressive stresses. The presence of the grooves 0 in the tiles next to the beams J provides additional spaces for the eon- 1 30 minimized.

It is believed that the operation and ad vantages of this invention will be readily understood by those skilled in the art from the foregoing description taken in connection with the drawings.

' I have shown and described two forms of floor construction wherein a top slab of concrete extends continuously over the tiles, but in some installations, as in the case of floors for carrying relatively light loads, the top slab may-be and preferably is omitted, the concrete being used to produce the beams or ribs and to produce the keys which fill the grooves f, g, of the blocks in, Figs. 1, 2 and 3 or the grooves 0 in the blocks of Figs. 8 and 9.

Having thus fullv described the invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A-two-way reinforced floor construction comprising crossing metal rods forming a succession of panels, a group of hollow tiles positioned within each panel, the adjacent groups of tiles being bounded by spaces of substantial width on the respective sides of said group, certain hollow tiles in each group being closed at their end portions by other tiles of the same group and said other tiles of the same group being open at their end portions, and concrete material positioned to fill the spaces between the groups of tiles, some of said concrete material entering the open ends of said hollow tiles in each group.

2. A two-way reinforced floor construction embodying two series of rods positioned for the rods of one series to cross the rods of the other series and produce a succession of panels, a group of mechanically contacting hollow tiles positioned within each panel, and said blocks of each group being so related. that the longitudinal openings in certain blocks extend at an angle to the corresponding openings in the other blocks of the same group, each group of tiles being separated from an adjacent group or groups of tiles by spaces of appreciable width, certain tiles in each roup being provided at the ends thereof with bevels which are in contact with closed walls on other tiles of the same group,

whereby said beveled end tiles are positioned in wedging contact with said closed wall tiles, and concrete material filling the spaces between the groups of tiles and producing intersecting beams.

3. A two-way reinforced floor construcr tion comprising metal rods positioned in crossing relation so as to produce a succession of panels, a group of hollow tile blocks positioned within each of said panels and each group being separated on the respec tive sides thereof from adjacent groups by spaces of appreciable width, and concrete material forming a continuous top slab and a plurality of beams the latter filling the spaces on the respective sides of the panels, the tile blocks of each group being each provided with longitudinal passages and certain tile blocks of each group being positioned for the longitudinal passages therein to extend in a different direction from the passages in other tile blocks of the same group.

4. A two-way reinforced floor construc tion comprising metal rods positioned in crossing relation and producing a succession of panels, a group of hollow blocks positioned within each panel with the blocks of one group separated on the respective sides thereof from the adjacent groups by spaces of appreciable width, certain hollow blocks of each group being set in such relation to other blocks of the same group that the open ends of certain blocks are closed by other blocks of the same group and some of the blocks in each group being open at their ends, and concrete material constituting a continuous top slab and a plurality of beams, the latter filling the spaces which bound the panels and some of the concrete material entering the open ends of certain of said hollow blocks for mechanically locking said hollow blocks and the beams to each other.

5. A two-way reinforced floor construction embodying two series of rods positioned for the rods of one series to cross the rods of the other series and produce a succession of panels, a group of mechanically contacting hollow tile blocks positioned within each panel, said blocks of each group being so related that the longitudinal openings in certain blocks extend at an angle to the corresponding openings in other blocks of the same group. each group of tile blocks being separated on its four sides from adjacent groups of similar tile blocks by spaces of appreciable width, certain tile blocks in each group being provided with irregularly curved walls and said blocks being relatively positioned for said irregularly curved walls to face similar walls of an adjacent group and thereby produce said intervening spaces the width of which is greatest on a line directly above the bases of said blocks, and concrete material filling the spaces between said groups of blocks and contacting with the irregularly curved walls of said blocks so as to key the concrete beams directly with the surface of said blocks.

6. A two-way reinforced floor construction comprising metal rods positioned in crossing relation and producing a succession of panels, a group of hollow blocks positioned within each panel withthe blocks of one group separated on the respective sides thereof from the adjacent groups by spaces of appreciable width, certain blocks of each group being positioned for the cells of said blocks to extend at right angles to the cells of other blocks in the same group and certain of said blocks being closed by other blocks, the latter beingopen at the ends thereof, and concrete material consti tuting a top slab and a plurality of beams, the latter filling the spaces which bound the panels and some of said material entering the open ends of certain of said tiles.

7. A two-way reinforced floor construction comprising metal rods positioned in cross ing relation and producing a succession of panels, a group of hollow blocks positioned within each panel with the blocks of one group separated on the respective sides thereof from the adjacent groups by spaces of appreciable width, each group of hollow blocks comprising a number of skew-backs and a number of key blocks positioned in mechanical contact one with the other, and concrete material constituting a top slab and a plurality of beams the latter filling the spaces which bound the panels and some of said concrete material entering open ends of the skew back blocks.

8. A reinforced floor construction embodying metal rods positioned to form a succession of panels, hollow tile blocks mechanically contacting one with the other, certain of said blocks being spaced relatively to other blocks so as to produce spaces of appreciable width, said tile blocks being provided at the upper corners thereof with undercut grooves and positioned for the grooves of certain blocks to face other grooves of adjacent blocks and thereby 11'1". crease the width of the spaces in certain definite planes, and concrete material bonded to the tile blocks and filling the spaces between the same so as to produce beams which are keyed to the grooved corners thereof.

9. A two-way reinforced fioor construction comprising metal rods positioned in crossing relation and producing a succession of panels, a group of hollow blocks positioned within each panel with the blocks of one group separated on the respective sides thereof from the ad]acent groups by spaces of appreciable width, said tiles of each group being assembled in mechanical contact for the open ends of certain hollow tiles to be closed by other tiles of the same group, and certain tiles in each group being provided in the upper corners thereof with channel-sor grooves, and concrete material forming a top slab and a plurality of beams the latter filling the spaces which bound the panels, said concrete material filling, also, the grooves or channels of said tiles and producing keysabove the neutral axis of the floor slab which keys cooperate with the tiles in resisting compressive stresses.

10. A two-way reinforced floor construc tion comprising metal rods positioned in crossing relation and producing a succession of panels, a group of hollow blocks positioned within each panel with the blocks of one group separated on the respective sides thereof from the adjacent groups by spaces of appreciable width, certain hollow blocks of each group being key shaped and positioned in mechanical contact with other blocks of the same group, and certain hollow tiles of each group having their open ends closed by other tiles of the same group, and concrete beams filling the spaces which bound said panels, said concrete beams and the hollow blocks being bonded directly together.

11. A two-way reinforced floor construction comprising metal rods positioned in crossing relation and producing a succession of panels, a group of hollow blocks positioned within each panel with the blocks of one grou separated on the respective sides thereo from the adjacent groups by spaces of appreciable width, certain blocks of each group being positioned for the cells of said blocks to extend at right angles to the cells of other blocks in the same group and certain of said blocks being closed by other blocks, the latter being open at the ends thereof, and concrete beams filling the spaces which bound the panels and some of the material of the beam entering the open ends of certain of said tiles.

12. A tw0-way reinforced floor construction comprising metal rods positioned in crossing relation and producing a succession of panels, a group of hollow blocks positioned within each panel with the blocks of one group separated on the respective sides thereof from the adjacent groups by spaces of appreciable width, each group of hollow blocks comprising a number of skew-backs and a number of key blocks positioned in mechanical contact one with the other, and concrete beams filling the spaces which bound the panels and some of the material of the concrete beams entering the open ends of the skew-back blocks.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

PHILIP H. BEVIER.

Gopies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Eatents,

Washington, D. G. 

